Homo floresiensis on display in the Hall of Human Origins in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. Image Credit: Tim Evanson. http://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/7283199410
Insular dwarfism- the process and condition of the reduction in size of large animals over a number of generation when their population's range is limited to a small environment, such as islands.
H. floresiensis[]
9 skeleton fossils were found in 2003 in Flores, Indonesia. There is argument that these fossils are deformed Homo sapiens, but these skeletons were no larger than the size of a human toddler.
Those who believe that this is a dwarf species think it is because the limited food and resources available on the island.
Mammoths (oxymoron), racoons, foxes, hippos & tigers are just a few of the other species that exemplify this quality.
Reference: insular-dwarfism-12-species-that-evolved-to-be-small